Solution

 The $\text{variables}$ are the topics that were investigated.

$\textbf{variables}$

$\textbf{Categorical/qualitative}$ variables places the individuals into a category, while a $\textbf{quantitative}$quantitative variable is a numerical variable.

$\textbf{Discrete}$ data are restricted to defined separated values, for example integers or counts. $\textbf{Continuous}$ data are not restricted to defined separate values, but can occupy any value over a continuous range, for example decimal, rational or real numbers.

The $\textbf{experimental units}$ are the individuals on whom an experiment is performed.

The $\textbf{population}$ contains the set of measurements about which we want to collect information.

SOLUTION

(a) We are interested in the effectiveness of a new teaching method, while the effectiveness is measured by a student's score on a reading test and thus the variable of interest is the Student's score on a reading test.

The Student's score is most likely quantitative, because the scores on a reading test tend to be expressed with a number (although it will be quantitative if the scoring A, B, C, D, F is used instead of numbers/percentages).

The student's score is most likely also discrete, because teachers tend to express the student's score as integers (if the teacher also uses decimal scores, then the variable is continuous).

(b) We are interested in the effectiveness of a new method for teaching reading to deaf students, thus the individuals (experimental units) are the deaf students in this case.

(c) We are interested in the effectiveness of a new teaching method, while the effectiveness is measured by a student's score on a reading test and thus the population of interest is the scores on a reading test of all deaf students.

Answer

(a) Student's score on a reading test, Quantitative and discrete

(b) Deaf students

(c) The scores on a reading test of all deaf students.

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